Which castes of termites are responsible for reproduction within the colony?

The castes responsible for reproduction within a termite colony are the swarmers and reproductives. Swarmers are the winged adults that leave the colony to mate and establish new colonies. Once they find a suitable environment, they pair up, become the king and queen of the new colony, and begin the reproduction process. Reproductives, which include the king and queen, are the primary figures in ensuring the growth of the colony through laying eggs.

The other castes, such as workers and soldiers, play critical roles in maintaining the colony but are not involved in the reproductive process. Workers are tasked with foraging for food, caring for the queen's offspring, and maintaining the nest. Soldiers focus on the defense of the colony. Thus, the reproductive roles are specifically held by swarmers and reproductives, highlighting their crucial function in the life cycle and sustainability of the termite colony.